Medical School: Doctor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 1980

Internship: Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Hospitals & Clinic, Minneapolis, MN, 1980 to 1981

Residency: Internal Med., University of Minnesota Hospitals & Clinic, Minneapolis, MN, 1980 to 1983

Fellowship: Cardiovascular, University of Minnesota Hospitals & Clinic, Minneapolis, MN, 1983 to 1986

Board Certification: American Board of IM/Cardiovascular Disease; American Board of Internal Medicine